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  • 当前位置: 小苹果范文网 > 国际 > 正文

    水利水文术语表中英对照

    时间:2020-09-24 09:52:22 来源:小苹果范文网 本文已影响 小苹果范文网手机站

     水圈 hydrosphere 水体 water body 水科学 water science 水文学 hydrology 陆地水文学 land hydrology 应用水文学 applied hydrology 工程水文学 engineering hydrology 水汽 water vapour 水文要素 hydrologic elements 积雪 snow cover 终雪 latest snow 融雪 snowmelt 冰雹 hail 截留 interception 填洼 depression detention 地面滞留 surface detention 陆面蒸发 evaporation of land 水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil 散发(植物蒸腾)

     transpiration 蒸发能力 evaporation capability 下渗(入渗)

     infiltration 稳渗 steady infiltration 下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流 river runoff 降雨径流 rainfall runoff 暴雨径流 storm runoff 融雪径流 snowmelt runoff 枯季径流 dry season runoff 基流 base flow 阴塞高压 blocking high 低空急流 low - level jet 低涡 vortex 反气旋(高压)

     anticyclone 气旋(低压)

     cyclone 热带气旋 tropic cyclone 热带低压 tropic depression 热带风暴 tropic storm 强热带风暴 severe tropic storm 气团 air mass 锋(锋面)

     front 气象 meteorology 气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone 小气候 microclimate 副热带(亚热带)

     subtropic zone 比湿 specific humidity 蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale 霜点 frost point 霜冻 frostbite 无霜期 frost - free period 流域 watershed (basin)

     闭合流域 enclosed basin 不闭合流域 non - enclosed basin 闭流区(内流区)

     bling drainage area 分水线(分水岭)

     divide 流域几何特征 basin geometric characteristics 河道复流(河道再生)

     resurgence 常年河 perennial stream 间歇河 intermittent stream 悬河(地上河)

     elevated stream 夺流河(断头河)

     captured river 盈水河 gaining stream 亏水河 losing stream 暴洪河流 flashy stream 界河 boundary river 废河道(古河道)

     dead river 凹岸 concave bank 凸岸 convex bank 岸壁 land wall 水边线(岸线)

     water line 堤防 levee 河长 river length 河弯 river bend 弯曲率 tortuosity 航道 navigable channel 河段 reach 潜洲 submerged bar 水利学 hydraulics 明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics 水静力学 hydrostatics 水动力学 hydrodynamics 明渠水流 open channel flow 恒定流 steady flow 非恒定流 unsteady flow 均匀流(等速流)

     uniform flow 非均匀流(变速流)

     non - uniform flow 急流 supercritical flow

     平封 flat freeze - up 立封 upright freeze - up 冰盖 ice cover 连底冻 grounded ice cover 冰丘 ice mound 封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze- up 清沟 lead 初生清沟 primary lead 再生清沟 secondary lead 冰花路毡 sludge road felt 冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice 冰脊 ice ridge 冰缝 crack 悬冰 suspended ice cover 冰堆 ice pack 冰塞 ice jam 冰上结冰 aufeis 解冻期 break - up period 冰变色 color change of ice cover 冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force 天文潮 astronomic tide 气象潮 metorologic tide 潮 汐 周 期 tidal cycle 半 日 潮 semidiurnal tide 全日潮 diurnal tide 混合潮 mixed tide 大潮 spring tide 小潮 neap tide 中潮 moderate tide 太阴月 lunar day 潮期 duration of tide 涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current 涨潮流 flood tidal current 落潮流 ebb tidal current 憩流 slack tide 潮流速 tidal velocity 往复流 reversing current 旋转流 rotary current 潮流期 duration of tidal current 涨潮流历时 duration of flood current 地 下 水 流 速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度(地下水水面坡度)

     hydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水等水位线图 water - table contour map 含水层 aquifer 含水岩系 water - content rock series 含水岩组 water - content rock formation 含水岩性 water - content rock property 含水介质 water - hearing medium 均匀介质 homogeneous medium 非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium 含水层边界 aquifer boundary 透水边界 permeable boundary 隔水边界 confining boundary 弱透水边界 acquitted boundary 透水层 permeable bed 隔水层 confining bed 弱透水层 acquitter 水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient 导水系数 ( 释水系数)

     coefficient of transmissivity 贮水系数 storativity 水位传导系数(水力扩散系数)

     coefficient of water table conductivity 压缓流 subcritical flow 异重流 density current 临界流 critical flow 临界水深 critical depth 临界流速 critical velocity 临界流量 critical discharge 水头 head 位置水头(位能)

     elevation head 低强水头(压能)

     pressure head 流速水头(动能)

     velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number 韦伯数 Weber number 水力因素 hydraulic factor 湿周 wetted perimeter 水力半径 hydraulic radius 宽深比 width - depth ratio 落差 fall 驻波 standing wave 移动波 translation wave 河流动力学 river dynamics 山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids 离子含量 ion concentration 离子总量 total ion concentration 离子流量 ion discharge 矿化度 mineral content 盐度 salinity 碱度 alkalinity 酸度 acidity 电导率 electric conductivity 混浊度(浊度)

     turbidity 总需氧量 total oxygen demand 溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 需氧量 oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 硬度 hardness 非碳酸盐硬度(永久硬度)

     non - carbonate hardness 浮冰 floating ice 锚冰 anchor ice 封冻期 freeze - up period 封冻(封河)

     freeze - up

     力传导系数 coefficient of pressure conductivity 持水度 water - holding capacity 土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants 土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture 凋萎系数 wilting coefficient 田间持水量 field capacity 毛管断裂含水量 moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量 maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法 zero flux plane method 潜水 phreatic water 降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge 降水入渗补给系数 coefficient of precipitation recharge 地表水补给 surface water recharge 凝结水补给 condensation recharge 侧向补给 lateral recharge 越流补给 leakage recharge 灌溉补给系数 irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater 潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation 潜水蒸发临界深度 critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位 phreatic water level 潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度 thickness of phreatic water aquifer 内流湖 endorheic lake 淡水湖 fresh lake 咸水湖 salt lake 盐湖 saline lake 季节性湖泊 seasonal lake 富营养湖泊 eutrophic lake 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake 湖流 lake current 梯度流 gradient current 漂流 current of friction 湖泊波漾(假湖)

     lake seiche 湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation 湖泊率 lake ratio 湖泊补给系数 recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期 lake residence period 湖盆 lake basin 湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulosity 湖泊分层 lake layering 正温层 direct thermal stratification 逆温层 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽(贫营养沼泽)

     main level mire 中位沼泽(中营养沼泽)

     medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡 water balance of mire 沼泽水 mire water 沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation 沼泽径流 mire runoff 沼泽表面流 surface flow of mire 沼泽表层流 surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性 moisture property of mire 沼泽持水性 water retention of mire 沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire 沼泽率 mire ratio 冰川 glacier 山地冰川(山岳冰川)

     mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier 宽尾冰川 broad - tail glacier 冰斗冰川 cirque glacier 悬冰川 hanging glacier 贯通冰川(山麓冰川)

     penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field 冰川平衡线 equilibrium line of glacier 委托观测 entrust gauging 水文仪器 hydrologic instrument 直读仪器 direct - reading instrument 自记仪器 automatic - recording instrument 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit 固态存贮器 solid storage 计数器 counter 记录器 recorder 显示器 display unit 平均无故障工作时间 mean time between failures 相应水位 equivalent stage 水文测站 hydrometric station 基本站 basic station 辅助站 auxiliary station 专用站 special station 水文试验站 hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station 巡测站 tour gauging station 水文站 gauging station 雨量站网 rain gauging network 水面蒸发站网 water surface evaporation network 水位站网 stage gauging network 泥沙站网 sediment gauging network 水质站网 water quality network 地下水观测井网 groundwater voservation well network 站网规划 hydrologic network planning 水文分区 hydrologic regionalization 站网布设 network layout 容许最稀站网 minimum network 设站年限 station required age 基面 datum 临时水准点 temporary benchmark 测验断面 measuring cross - section 基本水尺断面 basic gauge cros - s section 流速仪测流断面 current - meter measuring cross - section 浮标测流断面 float measuring cross - section 比降水尺断面 slope measuring cros - s section 辅助水尺断面 secondary gauging cros - s section 临时测流断面 temporary measuring cros - s section 水文缆道 hydrometric cableway 悬索缆道 suspended cableway 悬杆缆道 suspended rod cableway 机动缆道 motorized cableway 手动缆道 hand - operating cableway 循环索 loop cable 起重索 suspension cable 水文缆车 hydrometric cable car 吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat 水文测桥 hydrometric bridge 桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge 水文巡测车 tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器 raingauge 承水器 raingauge receiver 量杯 measuring glass 渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge 雨量计 rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量计 siphon rainfall

     recorder 翻斗式雨量计 tipping - bucket rainfall recorder 长期雨量计 long - term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计 telemetering rainfall recorder 测雨雷达 precipitation - monitoring radar 雪量线 snow gauge 雨雪量计 rain and snow recorder 蒸发量 evaporation 蒸发量观测 evaporation observation 蒸发量折算系数 reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率 screen ratio 蒸发器 evaporation pan 小型蒸发器(蒸发皿)

     small evaporation pan E - 601 型蒸发器 evaporation pan of type E - 601 漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan 蒸发计 evaporimeter 遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter 钩形水尺 hook gauge 最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge 校核水尺 check gauge 基本水尺断面 basic gauge 辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge 比降水尺断面 slope gauge 临时水尺 temporary gauge 水位计 stage gauge 自记水位计 stage recorder 浮子式水位计 float - type stage recorder 压力式水位计 pressure- type stage recorder 超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder 遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder 接触试水位计 contact - type stage recorder 远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台 stage recorder installation 静水井 stilling well 测得水深 measured depth 有效水深 effective depth 相对水深 relative depth 断面平均水深 mean depth at a cros - s section 干绳改正 air line correction 湿绳改正 wet line correction 测点流速 velocity measurement 测速垂线 surface velocity 水面流速 velocity at a point 测点流速 maximum point velocity 最大测点流速 velocity -measuring vertical 垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 断面平均流 速 cross - section velocity distribution 浮标流速 point velocity coefficient 中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient 流速分布 velocity distribution 流速梯度 velocity gradient 垂线流速分布 vertical velocity distribution 断面流速 分布 cross - section velocity distribution 水面流速分布 surface velocity coefficient 顺流 downstream flow 逆流 upstream flow 流速脉动 velocity pulsation 中泓流速 midstream 流向测量 flow - direction measurement 体积法 cubature 流速仪 current - meter 转子式流速仪 rotating - element current - meter 旋杯式流速仪 cup - type current - meter 旋桨式流速仪 propeller - type current - meter 电波流速仪 electric wave current- meter 超声波剖面流速仪 ultrasonic profile current - meter 多普勒流速仪 Doppler current -meter 参证流速仪 reference curren - t meter 流量计 flow meter 文杜里水流计 Venturi flow meter 毕托管 Pitot tube 流速仪检定 current - meter calibration 检定槽 calibration tank 检定车 calibration carriage 水面浮标 surface float 小浮标 small float 双浮标 double float 浮杆 float - rod 堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest 堰顶水头 weir head 水工建筑物测流 flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度 gate opening 行近河槽 approach channel 行近流速 approach velocity 堰流 weir flow 流态 flow regime 自由流 free flow 淹没流 submerged flow 半淹没流 half - submerged flow 孔流 sluice flow 射流 jet flow 淹没比 submergence ratio 淹没系数 submergence coefficient 流速系数 velocity coefficient 流量系数 discharge coefficient 稀释法 测流 dilution method for discharge measurement 示踪剂 tracer 标准溶液 standard solution 背景浓度 background concentration solution 稀释比 dilution ratio 推 移 质 输 沙 率测 验 bed load discharge measurement 器策法 sampling method 坑测法 pit method 沙波法 dune tracking method 床沙测验 bed material measurement 照相法 photographic method 打印法 stamp pad method 床沙采样器 bed material sampler 悬移质采样器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器 instantaneous sampler 积时式采样器 time - integrating sampler 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler 皮囊式采样器 collapsible sample 泵式采样器 pumping sampler 调压式采样器 pressure adjustable sampler 同位素测沙仪 radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪 photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪 vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器 bed load sampler 网式采样器 basket - type sampler 吸管 pipet 光电颗分仪 photoelectric particle size meter 比重计(密度计)

     hydrometer 泥沙沉降 sediment

     settling 沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity 絮凝 flocculation 反凝剂 defloeculant 粒径 particle diameter 中数粒径 median particle diameter 平均粒径 mean particle diameter 等容粒径 nominal diameter 投影粒径 projected diameter 三轴平均粒径 triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径 geometric mean particle diameter 筛析粒径 sieve diameter 沉降粒径 settling diameter 粒径组 fraction of particle size 颗粒级配 grain - size distribution 颗粒级配曲线 grain - size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配 index sample grain - size distribution 垂线平均颗粒级配 mean grain - size distribution in a vertical 对照断面 check cross - section 控制断面 control cross - section 消减断面 attenuation cross- section 水样保存 water - sample preservation 检出率 detected ratio 超标率 over - limit ratio 痕迹量 trace 未检出 nonreadout 回收率 recovery ratio 溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测 ice - regime observation 固定点冰厚测址 fixed - point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测 visual observation of ice regime 冰情符号 ice code 冰情图 ice - regime charta 初冰日期 first -ice date 封冰日期 freeze - up date 解冻日期 break - up date 终冰日期 end ice date 封冻历时 freeze - up duration 水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice 敲露水面宽 open - water width 冰流量 ice discharge 等深点流速改正法 revised isobath - velocity method 流速过程线改正法 revised velocity - hydrograph method 有效潮差 significant tidal range 负波高 negative wave height 水库水文测验 hygrometry of reservoir 入库水量 reservoir inflow 出库水量 reservoir outflow 水库供水 reservoir water supply 水库弃水 surplus water released frome reservoir 水库渗漏量 reservoir seepage volume 水库蓄水变量 variation of reservoir storage 水库蓄水变率 rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位 stage behind dam 库区水位 stage in reservoir region 水库淤积测量 reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量 reservoir sedimentation volume 地形法 method of topographic survey 断面法 method of cross - section survey 淤积形态 morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta 淤积物密度 dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查 hydrologic investigation in karst areas 实际地表集水面积 actual surface colleting area 水文实验研究 experimental research in hydrology 代表流域 representative basin 实验流域 experimental basin 相似流域 similar basin 径流实验研究 experimental research in runoff 径流场 runoff plot 人工降雨装置 artificial rainfall device 蒸发实验研究 experimental research in evaporation 蒸发池 evaporation tank 土壤蒸发器 soil evaporator 蒸散器 evapotranspirometer 农田蒸发器 evaporator for agricultural land 蒸渗仪 lysimeter 地下水均衡场 groundwater balance plot 合理性检查 rational examination 电算整编 processing by computer 水文年鉴 water year - book 测站考证 station examination 站年 station year 极值 extreme value 加权平均法 weighted mean method 断流水位 stage of zero flow 河干 river of zero flow 水文过程线 hydrograph 水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph 等值线 isopleth 分布曲线 distribution curve 水文特征值 hydrologic characteristic value 径流总量 total runoff 径流模数 runoff modulus 径流系数 runoff coefficient 洪峰 flood peak 洪水流量 peak discharge 洪水总量 flood volume 输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff 水位流量关系 stage - discharge relation 连时序法 chronological method 绳套曲线 loop curve 流量过程线法 discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法 constant tidal factor relation method 合轴相关法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法 method of discharge computation for a single tide 水位流量关系 single- valued processing of stage - discharge relation 关系曲线延长 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table 单断沙关系 index and cross - section average sediment concentration relation 单断沙关系曲线法 index and cross - section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method 水位单断沙比关系曲线法 stage versus ratio of index and cross- section average sediment concentration relation curve method 单断沙比过 程线 法 hydrograph method of index and cross - section

     average sediment concentration ratio 单样过程线法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration 真值 true value 测量值(实测值)

     measured value 最或然值 most probable value 绝对误差 absolute error 相对误差 relative error 插机误差(偶然误差)

     random error 允许误差 permissible error 伪误差(粗差)

     spurious 方差 variance 标准差 standard deviation 相对标准差 relative standard deviation 离差(偏差)

     deviation 闭合差 closure error 平差 adjustment 精密度 precision 准确度 correctness 垂线抽样误差 ( M 型误差)

     measuring vertical sampling error 分布式数据库 distributed type data base 集中式数据库 concentrated type data base 网络式数据库 network type data base 层次数据库 laminarization data base 层次数据模型 laminarization data model 网状数据模型 network data model 数据量 data bulk 结点 node 水文数据库 hydrologic data base 水文基本数据库 hydrologic basic data base 湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报 hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报 tidal prediction 旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting 地下水动态预报 groundwater regime forecasting 预见期 forecast lead time 超长期水文预报 extended long - term hydrologic forecasting 作业预报 operational forecasting 预报方案 forecast scheme 评定标准 accuracy standard 方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme 确定性系数 deterministic coefficient 汛 seasonal flood 伏汛 summer flood 汛期 flood season 防汛 flood defence 报汛站 flood - reporting station 报汛站网 flook - reporting network 常年水情站 perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站 hydrologic reporting station inflood season 辅助水清站网 auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报 flood warning 点雨量 point rainfall 面雨量 areal rainfall 泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon 等雨量线法 isohyetal method 产流 runoff yield 蓄满产流 runoff yield at natural storage 超渗产流 runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积 area of runoff yield 地表径流(直接径流)

     direct runoff 地面流(坡面流)

     surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow 前期影响雨量 antecedent rainfall 土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit 下渗能力曲线(下渗曲线)

     infiltration capability curve 初损 initial losses 后损(后渗)

     continuing losses 坡面汇流 overland flow concentration 河网汇流(河槽汇流)

     river network flow concentration 地下汇流 groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 flow concentration curve 流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线 overland flow concentration curve 河网汇流曲线 river network flow concentration curve 地下汇流曲线 groundwater flow concentration curve 流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时 peak time lag 流域滞时 basin time lag 等流滞时 isochrone 单位线 unit hydrograph 经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph 综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph 瞬时单位线 instantaneous unit hydrograph 地貌瞬时单位线 geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph 河网单位线 river network unit hydrograph S —曲线 S — curve 无因次单位线 dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线 recession curve 水文模型 hydrologic model 水文物理模型(水文实体模型)

     hydrophysical model 比尺模型 scale model 比拟模型 analogue model 水文数学模型 hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型 physically — based hydrologic mathematic model 水文数学物理模型 deterministic hydrologic model 确定性水文模型 stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型 distributed model 集总式模型 lumped model 线性水温模型 linear hydrologic model 非线性水文模型 nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型 time — invariant hydrologic model 时变水文模型 time — variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型 hydrologic mathematic model of watershed 模型结构 model structure 模型参数 model parameter 模型误差 model error 模型率定 model calibration 模型检验 model verification 水文模拟 hydrologic simulation 遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter 中继机 relay meter 前置通信控制机 preset communication controller 自报式系统 self — reporting system 查询 — 应 答式系统 polling — answerback system 混合式系统 mix system 时分制遥测系统 time — division telemetry system 频分制遥测系统 frequency — division telemetry system

     误码率 probability of word error 接受率 receiving probability 设计站 design station 设计流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station 参证站 bench — mark station 典型年(代表年)

     typicyear 水文系列 hydrologic series 同步系列 synchronous series 系列代表性 series representativeness 柱状图 histogram 诺谟图 monogram 输沙量计算(固体径流计算)

     computation of sediment runoff 水库回水计算 computation of reservoir backwater 水库淤积计算 computation of reservoir sedimentation 水库下游河道冲刷计算 computation of degradation below reservoir 溃坝洪水计算 evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach 样本容量 sample size 随机变量 random variable 随机系列 random series 累计频率(频率)

     cumulative frequency 经验频率 empirical frequency 水 文频 率 分 布 曲 线 ( 水文 频率 曲 线 )

     hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution 对数正态分布 log normal distribution 频率分析 frequency analysis 随机模拟 stochastic simulation 时间序列 time series 随机水文分析 hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项 trend term 周期项 cycle term 随机项 stochastic term 调和分析(谐波分析)

     harmonic analysis 潜分析 spectrum analysis 回归分析(相关分析)

     regression analysis 相关系数 correlation coefficient 自回归分析 autoregression analysis 逐步回归分析 stepwise regression analysis 设计供水 design flood 溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood 分期设计洪水 stage design flood 施工设计洪水 design flood for construction period 校核洪水 check flood 实测洪水 observed flood 调查洪水 investigated flood 古洪水 paleoflood 坝址洪水 dam - site flood 入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood 分项调查法 item - by - item investigation method 降雨径流模型法 rainfall -runoff model method 蒸发差值法 evaporation difference method 径流年内分配 annual distribution of runoff 径流多年变化 multiyear variation of runoff 丰水期 high - water period 平水期 normal - water period 枯水期(枯季)

     low - flow period 丰水年 wet year 平水年(中水年)

     normal year 枯水年 dry year 特枯水年 extraordinary dry year 连续丰水年 continuous wet years 连续枯水年 continuous dry years 水文年鉴 water year 设计雨型 design storm pattern 暴雨路径 storm track 暴雨时程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地区分布 special distribution of storm 暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数 point - area conversion coefficient 定点定面关系 fixed point - fixed area relationship 可能最大露点 probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正 storm transposition correction 流域形状改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction 入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 综合改正 synthetic correction 暴雨幅合分量 convergence component of storm 地形增强因子 topographic increasing factor 等百分数法 isopercental method 可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood 涝 surface water logging 渍 subsurface waterlogging 排涝 surface waterlogging control 排渍 subsurface waterlogging control 排涝规划 waterlogging control planning 排涝标准 standard for waterlogging control 排涝计算 computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量 design discharge for surface drainage 设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control 设计排涝水位 design water level for surface drainage 水荒 water famine 水资源评价 water resources assessment 水资源基础评价 water resources basic assessment 水量评价 water quantity assessment 水质评价 water quality assessment 地表水资源评价 surface water resources assessment 水资源评价指标 indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量 total amount of water resources 地表水资源量 surface water resources amount 地下水资源量 groundwater resources amount 可利用量 utilizable water 地下水可开采量 groundwater available yield 可供水量 available water supply 径流调节 runoff regulation 综合利用水库调节(多目标水库调节)

     reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization 水库调洪 reservoir flood routing 水库供水调节 reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节 runoff regulation of hydropower regulation 水库反

     调节 reregulating reservoir 水库群调节 multi - reservoir regulation 径流调节计算 computation of runoff regulation 时历法(长系列操作法)

     chronological series method 概率法(数理统计法)

     probability method 随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method 调节周期 regulating period 目标函数 objective function 约束方程 constraint equation 状态变量 state variable 决策变量 decision variable 数学规划 mathematic programming 线性规划 linear programming 非线性规划 nonlinear programming 水库防洪调度 flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库实时调度 real- time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度 multi - reservoir scheduling 水库预报调度 reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage 水沙调度 scheduling of water and sediment 水环境 water environment 水环境要素(水环境基质)

     water environment elements 水环境背景值(水环境本底值)

     water environmental background value 水生态系统 aquatic ecosystem 化学径流 chemical runoff 环境用水 environmental water 环境水文学 environmental hydrology 环境水力学 environmental hydraulics 环境水化学 environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft 人工补给(人工回灌)

     artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone 化学水污染 chemical water pollution 无机物水污染 water pollution by inorganic substances 有机物水污染 water pollution by organic substances 有毒物质水污染 water pollution by toxic substances 放射性水污染 radioactive water pollution 热污染 thermal pollution 生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富营养化 eutrophication 次生水污染 secondary water pollution 地下水污染 groundwater pollution 水污染常规分析指标 index of routine analysis for water pollution 水污染遥感监测 remote - sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物 pollutant 污染物迁移 transport of pollutant 机械迁移 physical transport 物理-化学迁移 physicochemical transport 人为污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source 污染源调查 investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制 pollution source control 水质参数 water quality parameters 水质模型 water quality model 水温模型 water temperature model 水质生物评价 biologic assessment of water quality 水环境效益 water environmental effect 水污染环境效应 environmental effect of water pollution 水环境保护 water environmental protection 水质规划 water quality planning 河流水质规划 river water quality planning 水库水质规划 reservoir water quality planning 水 污 染 综 合 防 治 规划 planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保护区 protection zone of water source 蒸发 evaporation 水位 stage 流速 velocity 流量 discharge 含沙量 sediment concentration 输沙率 sediment discharge 水温模型 water temperature 冰凌 ice run 水质 water quality 下垫面 underlying surface 水文情势 hydrologic regime 水文效应 hydrologic effect 水文循环(水循环)

     hydrologic cycle 水量平衡 water balance 热量平衡 heat balance 盐量平衡 salt balance 大气水汽含量 atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送 atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积 rainfall area 降雨分布 rainfall distribution 暴雨洪水 storm flood 冰凌洪水(凌讯)

     ice flood 冰雪洪水 ice -snow melt flood 雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood 山洪 flash flood 溃坝洪水 dam - break flood 大气环流 atmospheric circulation 行星尺度天气系统 planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统 synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天气系统 meso and micro - scale weather 风暴潮 storm surge 风暴中心 storm center 西风槽 westerly trough 东风波 easterly wave 低压槽 trough 高压脊 ridge 副热带高压 subtropic high 温带 extratropic zone 寒带 frigid zone 季风 monsoon 梅雨(霉雨)

     plum rains 阵雨 showery rain 地形雨 aerographic rain 热带气旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 卫星云图 satellite cloud picture 气压(大气压强)

     atmospheric pressure 海平面气压 sea - level pressure 湿球温度 wet - bulb temperature 水汽压

     vapour pressure 饱和水汽压 saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度 absolute humidity 相对湿度 relative humidity 饱和差 saturation deficit 流域长度 basin length 流域平均高程 basin elevation mean 流域平均宽度 basin width mean 流域平均坡度 basin slope mean 流域不对称系数 coefficient of basin nonsymmetric 流域面积增长率 growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征 physiographic characteristics of basin 水系(河系)

     hydrographic net 人工河网 artificial drainage network 河网密度 drainage density 明渠 open channel 河源 headwaters 冲沟 gully 溪流 brook 分支 fork 串沟 bifurcation channel 外流河 exoreic river 内陆河 endothecia river 减河 relief channel 控制河段 control reach 顺流河段 straight reach 弯曲河段 bent reach 扩散河段 expanding reach 收缩河段 converging reach 游荡河段 wandering reach 感潮河段 tidal reach 裁弯河段 channel cutoff 稳定河槽 stable channel 不稳定河槽(冲淤河槽)

     unstable channel 主槽 main channel 单式河槽 single channel 复式河槽 compound channel 河道横断面 river cross - section 河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 断面特性 cross - section characteristics 河床形态 channel morphology 浅滩 thoal 急潭 cataract 河漫滩 flood plain 江心湖 channel island 有效水头 effective head 水头损失 head loss 沿程水头损失 frictional head loss 局部水头损失 local head loss 能面比降 energy slope 水面比降 surface slope 摩阻比降 friction slope 附加比降(加速比降)

     add slope 河道比降(河床比降)

     channel slope 水面横比降 transverse slope of water surface 倒比降 inverse slope 总水头线 total head line 水面线 water surface profile 糙率 roughness 谢才系数 Chezy coefficient 谢才公式 Chezy formula 曼宁公式 Manning formula 输水因数(输水率)

     conveyance factor 水跃 hydraulic jump 水舌 nappe 回水曲线(壅水曲线)

     hackwater curve 弗汝德数 Froude number 悬移质 suspended load 推移质 bed load 床沙 bed material 床沙质 bed material load 冲泻质 wash load 河流泥沙运动 sediment transport in river 泥沙起动 incipient motion of sediment 起动流速 competent velocity 造床流址 dominant discharge 泥沙密度 density of sediment 高含沙水流 flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow 水流挟沙能力 sediment transport capacity of flow 河床演变 fluvial process 冲刷 scar 淤积 sedimentation 沙量平衡 sediment balance 泥沙输移 sediment transport 泥沙输移比 sediment delivery ratio 浆河现象 clogging of river sediment flow 揭河底现象 tearing of river bed 天然水质 natural water quality 水化学 hydrochemistry 冰清 ice regime 结冰河流 ice - frozen stream 封冻河流 freeze - up stream 稳定封冻河流 stable freeze - up stream 非稳定封冻河流 unstable freeze - up stream 结冰期 ice - frozen period 初生冰 initial ice 冰针 ice specula 冰凇 rime ice 圆扁冰 pan - cake ice 冰花 frazil slush 岸冰 border ice 初生岸冰 initial border ice 固定岸冰 fixed border ice 冲击岸冰 agglomerated border ice 再生岸冰 regenerative border ice 残余岸冰 residual border ice 雪冰 slush ice 水内冰 underwater ice 冰屑 shuga 冰底边 ice base boundary 冰礁 ice reef 冰桥 ice bridge 流冰花 slush ice run 冰上流水 water flow over ice 层冰层水 ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰 thawing 冰层塌陷 ice sheet depression 冰层浮起 floating ice cover 冰滑动 dislodging of ice cover 解冻(开河)

     break - up 文开河 tranquil break - up 武开河 violent break - up 流沙 ice run 流沙堆积 drifting ice pack 冰坝 ice dam 残冰堆积 residual ice accumulation 潮汐 tide 潮位(潮水位)

     tidal level 涨潮 flood tide 落潮 ebb tide 高潮 high tide 低潮 low tide 平潮 dead tide 涨潮潮差 flood tidal range 落潮潮差 ebb tidal range 高潮间歇 high lunitidal interval 低潮间歇 low lunitidal interval 日潮不等 diurnal inequality 落潮流历时 duration of ebb current 涌潮 bore 河口水流 estuarine flow 河口潮汐 estuarine tide 河口演变 fluvial precesses of estuary 拦门沙 estuarine bar 河口三角洲 estuarine delta 滩涂(海涂)

     tidal flat 地下水水文学 groundwater hydrology 水文地质学 hydrogeology 地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics 地下水系统 groundwater system 地下水流域 drainage basin of groundwater 地下水分水岭 groundwater divide 地下水动态 groundwater regime 地下水均衡 groundwater balance 地下水运动(渗流)

     groundwater movement 地下水模型 groundwater

     model 地下水储量 groundwater storage 地下水水库 groundwater reservoir 越流系数 leakage coefficient 延迟指数 delay index 影响半径 influence radios 补给带宽度 range of recharge zone 水位削减值 drawdown value interference 分 子 扩 散 系 数 coefficient of molecular diffusion 机械弥散系数(水力弥...

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