外研版九年级（上）英语第2讲：Unit,1语法篇（教师版）-黄庄何晓东

　第二讲：语法篇

　__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

　1.熟练掌握第一单元词组和重点句型 2.语法：复习六种时态

　一．重点句型 1. agree with sb 同意某人

　 agree to do sth 同意做某事 2. would like to do sth 想要做某事 3. in +一段时间

　 在.....（多长时间）之后，常用于回答 How soon 的提问 4. have been/gone to 以及 have been in 的区别 5. because of+名词

　因为。。。。。

　6. without doing sth 没有做某事 7. be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid to do sth.

　害怕做某事 8. one of +the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数

　 最......的.....之一 9. look forward to doing sth

　盼望做某事 二．六种时态梳理 英语的六种时态 一、一般现在时：

　概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

　时间状语：often，usually，always，sometimes，every week（day，year，month．．．），once a week，on Sundays，etc．

　基本结构：①be 动词；②行为动词

　否定形式：① am ／is ／are ＋not；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don"t，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn"t，同时还原行为动词。

　一般疑问句：①把 be 动词放于句首；②用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。

　二 、一般过去时：

　概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

　时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month．．．），in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc．

　基本结构：①be 动词；②行为动词

　否定形式：① was／were ＋not；②在行为动词前加 didn"t，同时还原行为动词。

　一般疑问句：①was 或 were 放在句首；②用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

　 三、现在进行时：

　概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

　时间状语：now，at this time，these days，etc．

　基本结构：am／is／are ＋doing

　否定形式：am／is／are ＋not＋doing

　一般疑问句：把 be 动词放在句首

　 四、过去进行时：

　概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

　时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

　基本结构：was／were ＋doing

　否定形式：was／were ＋not＋doing

　一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放在句首

　 五、现在完成时：

　概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

　时间状语：recently，lately，since．．．，for．．．，in the past few years，etc．

　基本结构：have／has ＋done

　否定形式：have／has ＋not＋done

　一般疑问句：have／has 放于句首

　 六、一般将来时：

　概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

　时间状语：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year．．．．），soon，in a few minutes，by．．．，the day after tomorrow，etc．

　基本结构：①am／is／are／going to ＋do；②will／shall＋do

　否定形式：①am／is／are ＋not＋going to ＋do；② will／shall＋not＋do

　一般疑问句：①be 放于句首；② will／shall 提到句首

　 1.Look！Little Tom ____

　the table.

　A.is lying

　B．is laying

　C．lies

　D．lays B

　2.John didn"t give up looking for a job ____ A he got an offer from a German company.(2014，上海)

　 A．until

　B．since

　 C．because

　D．if

　3.. Peter said that he _____home the next day.

　 A. was going to

　 B. will go

　C. would go

　 D. had gone

　4. He ____with us since he returned last month.

　 A. lives

　B. lived

　 C. had lived

　D. has lived 5. They ___to help but could not get here in time.

　A. had wanted

　B. have wanted

　C. was wanting

　 D. want

　解析：

　1.lay 是及物动词“放置，产(卵)”，词形变化为 laying—laid—laid。注意 lay 还是 lie 的过去式。故选B 2.根据 not.....until 句型选择 A 3.考查过去将来时，故选 C 4.考查现在完成时。以 since 引导的时间状语从句，主句使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时。故选 D. 5.考查过去完成时。故选 A

　基础演练 I. 词汇练习 1.wonder n. 奇观；奇迹

　 v. __________ (adj.)_________ 2. discuss v. 讨论；商讨（ n. ）______________ 3.electricity n. 电 （adj.）_______________ 4. natural adj. 大自然的，合乎情理的；合理的

　 （n.）_________大自然 5. east n. 东方 (adj.)_________ (在东边的；来自东边的) 6. loud adj. 响亮的 （adv.）_______________ 7. though 虽然；尽管 （同义词）_____________ 不能与 but 通用在同一个句型当中 8. grey adj. 灰色的；形容天气时，译为：________________

　 9. silent adj. 寂静的 （adv.）________

　 in silent ________ 10. nearly

　几乎；差不多 （近义词）_________________

　 II. 词组汉译英 1.参加_______________

　 2.世界奇观____________ 3.自然奇观_____________

　 4.我不能确定_____________ 5.赞同_________________

　 6.多数------_______________

　7.几百米________________

　8.在------沿岸____________ 9.甚至更壮观____________

　10.1，700 米宽_____________ 11.数千米远_____________

　12.按某人的意见____________ 13.超过_________________

　14.在顶端_______________ 15.数百万的；无数的 ______________ 答案：wonder wonderful discussion nature eastern loudly although 阴晦的 silently

　沉默 almost

　 take part in, wonders of the world, natural wonders, i‟m not sure,agree with, most of,

　hundreds of metres, on the coast of, even more fascinating,1700 metres wide,

　several kilometers away, in one‟s opinion, more than,on the top of, millions of

　III.用所给词的适当形式填空。

　1.—— How _______ (do) your brother ___________ (go) to school every day ? —— By bike . But next term we _________( take ) the school bus . 2.Last night we _________( arrive )there late , but most shops_______( be ) still open at midnight . 3.Sally _______ ( look )happy . Perhaps she _________ ( know )the good news . 4.The teacher said “The sun _______( go )around the earth .” 5.Don‟t_______ ( do )it like this . 6. Every year _______(million) of foreigners come to visit China . 7. I _________(not read ) the story , so I‟m not sure what it tells . 8. Do you think man-made wonders are more exciting than the natural ______(one) .

　9. They will have a _______ (discuss) on where to have a picnic . 10. I wonder if Shanghai can become an _________(east) Hollywood .

　答案：1.does go 2.arrived were 3.looks knows 4.goes 5.do 6.millions 7.don‟t 8.ones 9.discussion 10.eastern

　巩固提高 IV.单项选择 1. The Great Wall is one of the great man-made _____ in the world .

　 A place

　 B events

　C experience

　D wonders 2. We want to travel to some ________ places such as Mount Tai and the West Lake .

　 A natural

　B high

　 C man-made

　D warm

　3.After a few minutes‟ _____ ,the children knew how to use the word .

　A meeting

　B fight

　 C question

　D discussion

　4. — Would you like some milk ? No, thanks .I don‟t like it ,______ I know it‟s good for my health .

　A though

　 B because

　C if

　 D so

　5.You can choose to take a plane there . But ____,it‟s better to take a coach .

　A in my opinion

　 B on the other hand

　 C that‟s to say

　6.—— Dave ，it‟s dangerous to swim here . Look at the sign . —— Oh, I ______ it . Thank you . A didn‟t notice

　B won‟t notice

　C hadn‟t noticed

　 D don‟t notice 7. —— Sam , what will the weather be like tomorrow ? —— Sorry ,Mun . I didn‟t watch the weather forecast just now . I_____ a football match . A would watch

　B will watch

　C am watching

　D was watching 8. Your foreign teacher Miss Smith ______ us English since five years ago . A teach

　B in teaching

　C has taught

　D teaches

　9.You______ . Don‟t talk on the phone . A will drive

　 B are driving

　C were driving

　D have driven

　10. — I called you yesterday evening , but nobody answered the phone . — Oh, I ______ a walk with my parents at that time . A took

　 B was taking

　C am taking

　D take

　 IV.用方框中短语的适当形式填空 A all kinds of; look forward to; thousands of; listen up; too ... to ...; on the edge of; write down

　Hello, everyone! I know you"re all 1

　 our visit to Egypt. It"s a fascinating country and there are 2

　things to see there. Of course, like

　3

　other tourists, we"ll visit the pyramids. The pyramids are4

　 the Sahara Desert. We"ll spend as much time as possible there, but there is 5

　 much

　see in one visit. We"ll also visit the museum in Cairo. We"ll be able to see some of the important treasures coming out of the Valley of the Kings. Now,6

　, because I"m going to give you a lot of information. Please 7

　 the most important points, so you don"t forget.

　B on the edge of , huge , at the bottom of, light, side, distance, disappear, path, rise, face

　I had an unforgettable experience in 1999. I went to the Grand Canyon! It was not big, but 1.

　 .On that misty(有雾的)morning, I walked along the 2.

　 carefully together with the guide. Before the sun 3.

　 we arrived there. Suddenly, the clouds cleared and it became4.

　.I found I was 5.

　the famous canyon. I walked closer and looked down, then I found there was a river 6.

　 the canyon. The guide asked me to look across to the other 7.

　of the canyon. (We were 8.

　the west.) I couldn‟t imagine how wide it was! I also looked to my left and right and saw the canyon 9.

　 into the

　10.

　 .What a wonderful gift fromthe nature!

　答案: IV.DADAAADCBB V.A.looking forward to, all kinds of, thousands of, on the edge of, too...to, listen up, write down

　 B.huge, path,rose, light, on the edge of, at the bottom of, side, facing, disappear, distance

　 I.单选选择 1. He said that honesty _____the key to success.

　A. was

　B. will be

　 C. is

　 D. is being

　2. She _____in London till nest Monday.

　 A. will have stayed

　 B. has stayed

　C. is staying

　D. has been staying

　3. We _____each other since I left Shanghai.

　 A. haven‟t seen

　B. hadn‟t seen

　C. didn‟t see

　 D. wouldn‟t see

　 4. I‟ll return the book to the library as soon as I_ __it .

　A. will finish

　 B. am going to finish

　 C. finished

　D. have finished

　 5. She has bought some cloth, she ____herself a dress.

　A. makes

　B. is going to make

　 C. would make

　 D. has made

　 6. Don‟t go and bother him. He _____in the room.

　A. writes

　 B. has written

　 C. is writing

　 D. has been writing

　7. ___you ___?

　A. Do, marry

　B. Have, married

　C. Have, been married

　 D. Are, married 8. Tom: This is a terribly heavy box.

　 John: I ____you to carry it.

　A. will help

　 B. am going to help

　C.had better to help

　 D. had rather help

　9. She told me that her father _____to the post office when I arrived A. just went

　 B. has just gone

　 C.had just gone

　 D. had just been going 10. Don‟t get off until the bus _____.

　 A. stopped

　B. will stop

　 C. will have stopped

　D. stops

　 11. The fence ____near the window.

　 A. stand

　 B. is standing

　 C. have stood

　D. stands

　 12.. They _____here for more than a month.

　 A. have arrived

　 B. have reached

　C. have come

　D. have been

　 13. We ___a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterdayafternoon.

　A. had had

　 B. would have

　C. were having

　D. had

　14. She told us she had met you in London last year. _____ you _____her since ?

　A. Had—met

　B. Did —see

　 C. Would—meet

　D. Have—seen

　15. If it ____tomorrow, we won‟t go to the school farm.

　A. is to rain

　 B. will be raining

　C. will rain

　D. rains

　II.完形填空

　Welcome to Grand Canyon National Park! The Grand Canyon is famous as a wonder of the natural world, and it

　16

　is. Here are some tips for enjoying the Grand Canyon.

　●

　17

　on the paths. Don‟t stand on the edge of the cliff (悬崖) for a better

　18 . We saw people doing this! Don‟t run around in dangerous areas. 21·世纪*教育网 ● Bring enough

　19 . The Grand Canyon has a very dry climate, especially in summer. You will drink

　20

　than you can possibly imagine. ● Wear the right shoes.

　21

　you‟re going to walk any distance on the Rim Trail, you‟d better wear closed-toe (不露趾的) shoes.

　 ● Weather. During July and August, storms can

　22 . The South Rim is open all year round, and in winter and early spring, bring more clothes to stay

　23 . ● Don’t feed the animals. Some animals here are really lovely and they are not

　24

　humans (人类), but don‟t feed them. Some animals can bite if you get too close. Human food is bad for many of the animals.

　25

　may die! So let the animals feed themselves.

　 16.A. hardly

　B. already

　C. really

　 D. Almost 17.A. Jump

　B. Stay

　 C. Work

　 D. Dance 18.A. life

　B. reason

　C. look

　 D. trip 19.A. water

　B. food

　 C. clothes

　 D. money

　20.A. more carefully B. more

　C. more slowly

　 D. better

　21.A. Although

　B. So

　 C. Because

　 D. If 22.A. come up

　B. take off

　C. go away

　 D. look out

　 23.A. awake

　 B. warm

　C. happy

　 D. safe 24.A. afraid of

　B. interested in

　C. angry with

　 D. proud of 25.A. You

　 B. It

　 C. We

　D. They

　答案：

　I.CCADB CCABD DDCAD II.CBCAB DABAD

　 _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

　 I.单项选择

　1. Xi‟an is

　 ancient city with

　 long history.21 教育网 A. a; a

　 B. an; a

　 C. the; an

　 D. /; the 2. It‟s so cold! The temperature must be

　 zero.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】

　A. on

　B. with

　 C. below

　 D. between 3. — What‟s the

　 of Mount Tai?

　— It‟s about 1,530 metres.

　A. price

　 B. height

　 C. number

　D. distance 4. Mr Green is very rich. He lives in a

　 house. 2-1-c-n-j-y A. huge

　B. small

　C. safe

　D. dangerous 5. There are many man-made wonders in the world. One of them

　 Stonehenge.

　A. is

　B. are

　C. was

　 D. were 6. Everyone knows that the sun

　 in the east.【出处：21 教育名师】

　A. rises

　B. falls

　 C. stays

　D. lives 7.— Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?

　— No, but I

　 it some day. A. visit

　B. will visit

　C. visited

　D. have visited 8. The diary is not mine. It‟s

　. A. anyone else

　 B. someone else

　C. anyone else‟s

　D. someone else‟s

　9. The radio says that the clouds will

　 and it will be sunny.

　A. clear

　B. appear

　C. grow

　D. Develop 10. — Who is

　 at maths, Tony, Toby or Jim?【版权所有：21 教育】

　— Toby. He always gets good grades.

　 A. better

　 B. best

　 C. worse

　 D. worst 11. I‟ll do an interview with Mrs Black if she

　 busy tomorrow. A. is

　 B. will be

　 C. isn‟t

　 D. won‟t be 12. — When

　 you

　 the ticket? — Two days ago.

　A. do; buy

　 B. did; buy

　C. have; bought

　 D. had; bought 13.

　! I have something important to tell you.

　A. Look at

　 B. Listen to

　 C. Listen up

　D. Look across 14. — Excuse me,

　 is the post office?

　— About 500 metres away. A. how far

　 B. how high

　 C. how deep

　D. how soon 15. — I think we can make a poster for the concert. 21*cnjy*com

　—

　 A. Good luck!

　 B. Thanks a lot.

　C. Have a good trip.

　D. That‟s a fantastic idea! II.阅读理解

　A Red Rock Canyon lies about 15 miles west of Las Vegas. When you first get there, there is a visitors‟ centre for you to learn about some history of the canyon. You can also learn about animals and plants in the canyon. The canyon is famous for rock climbing. There are many paths that you can stop and hike.

　Of course, you can travel around the canyon by car. The greatest thing is that you can see the sights without ever leaving your car. If you are a little adventurous (爱冒险的), you can choose one of the paths and make your way a little off the road. Even though you are just in Las Vegas, a trip to Red Rock Canyon is a great escape from the noise of the city. 根据短文内容，判断句子的正误。正确为“A”，错误为“B”。

　(

　)1. Red Rock Canyon is in the centre of Las Vegas.21·cn·jy·com (

　)2.People can learn about animals and plants at the visitors‟ centre. (

　)3. Red Rock Canyon is famous for skating. (

　)4. People can visit the canyon only on foot. (

　)5. Red Rock Canyon is quiet. B Are you learning English as a second language? If you are, Easy English Times is the right newspaper for you. It‟s written in plain English, so it‟s perfect for those who are learning English as a second language. Easy English Times helps you improve your language skills. It comes out (出版) ten times a year. Each copy has an extra page of interesting classroom activities.www.21-cn-jy.com Are you teaching English as a second language? If you are, you can walk into the classroom and start teaching now. We are happy to give you advice on how to use the newspaper in class. 21 教育名师原创作品 Are you interested in Easy English Times?

　If you are, we can send it to you by first-class mail. For more information, please call 707-253-9641. 根据材料内容，选择正确的答案。

　1. The underlined word “plain” means “

　 ”. A. 易懂的

　B. 老套的 C. 无聊的

　D. 腐朽的

　2. How often does Easy English Times come out? A. Once a week. B. Once a month.

　C. Once a year. D. Ten times a year.

　3. The passage is mainly about a

　.

　A. book

　 B. magazine

　C. newspaper

　D. dictionary

　4. Each copy of Easy English Times has a page of

　 activities.

　A. outdoor

　B. classroom C. family

　 D. business 5. If you want to learn more about Easy English Times, you can

　. A. make a call

　B. send an e-mail

　C. send a letter

　D. visit its website C

　Lester was walking in the street with a huge box. A stranger walked up to him and asked, “Have you got the time?” Lester stopped, put down the box, looked at his watch and said, “It‟s 5:45.”

　“Hey, what a nice watch!” said the stranger. Lester smiled and said, “It‟s very special.” Then he pressed a button and a voice told the time in Chinese. Lester continued, “It can „speak‟ many languages.” The stranger seemed very interested in the watch. Lester then pressed another button and a small map appeared on the watch.

　“I want to buy your watch!” said the stranger. “Oh, no, I‟m not selling it,” said Lester. “I‟ll give you $1,000!” “Oh, no.” “I‟ll give you $5,000!” The stranger quickly took much money out of his bag and said. “Here is the money. Take it or leave it.” Finally, Lester took off the watch and gave it to the stranger. When the stranger was about to leave, Lester pointed to the huge box and said, “Don‟t forget your battery (电池).” 根据材料内容，选择正确答案。

　6. Lester stopped in the street because

　.www-2-1-cnjy-com A. he felt too tired

　 B. the box was too heavy

　C. a stranger wanted to buy his watch D. someone asked him what the time was 7. What did the stranger think of the watch at first? A. Nice.

　 B. Special.

　C. Heavy.

　D. Expensive. 8. The stranger paid

　 for the watch. A. $100

　 B. $1,000

　C. $500

　 D. $5,000 9. What was in the box?

　A. The watch‟s battery.

　 B. Another watch.

　C. The watch‟s map.

　 D. Lots of money.

　 10. Which is the BEST title for the passage? A. Time Is Money

　 B. A Rich Stranger C. A Special Watch

　D. How to Sell a Watch

　D My aunt Cindy has her own cake shop. She can make nice cakes for special occasions, such as weddings. I spent a week last summer helping her in the shop. Making a nice cake is harder than I thought it would be.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】

　I practised for hours in Aunt Cindy‟s shop. I made little coloured dots (圆点) on a piece of wax paper (蜡纸). Unluckily, I could not get the dots to be the same shape or size.

　I decided to take a break from making the dots, so I helped move cakes. However, that was not easy for me, either. I dropped a cake when trying to take it out of the freezer (冷冻箱) by myself. Luckily one of Aunt Cindy‟s assistants (店员) was there. He saved the cake from hitting the floor. It takes a whole team to make a huge cake. That‟s one of the most important things I learned. Each person on the team has to be great at his or her job. Aunt Cindy designs the cakes on paper, Larry does the mixing and baking, and assistants carve and put frosting on the cakes. Aunt Cindy and Larry do most of the decorating while the assistants help make small parts like flowers and figures. Building a big cake is like playing a team sport. If one person doesn‟t do his or her job well, the whole team pays for that. Even though I was not much help to my aunt, I‟m glad I spent the week in Aunt Cindy‟s shop. Designing cakes takes more than just baking skills. It takes art and painting skills too. Now when I see a really nice cake, I don‟t think of eating it first. Instead, I look at it and wonder how many hours it took to make.

　11.What does the underlined word “occasions” mean in this passage? A. events

　B. needs

　C. places

　 D. ideas 12.Why did the writer take a break from putting coloured dots on wax paper? A. Because she practised for hours and became bored. B. Because she could not make the dots good enough for a cake. C. Because Aunt Cindy did not want her to make any more dots. D. Because Aunt Cindy wanted her to help somewhere else. 13.Who designs the cakes on paper? A. Aunt Cindy. B. Larry.

　C. Assistants. D. The writer. 14.What was the main reason the writer was glad to have spent a week in her aunt‟s shop? A. She got to practise making coloured dots. B. She learned the importance of teamwork. C. She got to take a cake out of the freezer. D. She learned art and painting skills. 15.What is this passage mainly about? A. Helping an aunt design cakes.

　B. Spending a week in a cake shop. C. Working as the assistant to a cake decorator. D. Discovering that making a nice cake is difficult. III.综合填空 （10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分）

　A. 单词拼写：根据句子意思及所给的中文提示完成单词。每空只能填一词。

　1. In my

　 (看法), the greatest wonder of the world is the Great Wall. 2. My grandmother‟s hair has turned

　 (灰色的). 3. What a fine day! The sun is

　 (照耀) brightly.

　4. Can you tell me what the

　 (讨论) is about? 5. Now I can‟t imagine the life without

　(电). B. 选词填空：根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词完成短文。所有单词在填入前不需进行词形转换。每个单词只能用一次，每空只能写一词。21 世纪教育网版权所有 appear,

　 natural,

　 walking,

　 become,

　 million Many visitors to the UK only go to visit famous buildings and shops in London. It‟s a pity if you don‟t visit some of (6)

　 wonders there.

　The Cairngorms are a group of mountains in Scotland. They are popular for (7) and climbing. In winter, the mountains (8)

　 silver because of the snow. So you can go there to ski. There are many kinds of wild animals too. Eagles (鹰) and deer (鹿) sometimes (9)

　 there. Snowdonia is a region in north Wales and a national park of 823 square miles. Over six (10) tourists visit it very year and mountain walking is very popular.

　IV.句子翻译 （本大题共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，共 5 分）

　根据中文意思完成句子。每空词数不限。

　1. 琳达不在家，她去机场了。

　Linda isn‟t at home. She

　the airport. 2·1·c·n·j·y 2. 你要是恐高就呆在这儿。

　Stay here if you

　 heights.

　3. 汤姆太小，还不能独自坐飞机。

　Tom is

　take the plane by himself.

　21cnjy.com

　4. 我刚刚在操场看见贝蒂了，她正在弹吉他。

　I saw Betty in the playground just now. She

　the guitar.

　5.

　—— 我听说你考试成绩优异。

　—— 真的吗？我怎么不知道！

　— I hear you‟ve got excellent grades in your exams.

　— Really?

　!

　V.书面表达 （满分15分）

　假设上周末你和父母去北京游玩。请根据下面的提示，以A trip to Beijing为题，写一篇80词左右的短文（标题已给出，不计入总词数）。

　A trip to Beijing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：

　I.1-5 BCBAA

　 6-10 ABDAB

　11-15 CBCAD II.1-5 ADCBA 6-10 DADAC 11-15 ABABD III.1. opinion

　2. grey

　3. shining 4. discussion

　5. electricity

　6. natural

　 7. walking 8. become 9. appear

　10. million

　IV.1. has gone to

　 2. are afraid of

　3. too young / small to

　 4. was playing

　5. That‟s / It‟s news to me V.One possible version: A trip to Beijing Last weekend my parents and I went to Beijing by plane. We climbed the Great Wall and took lots of photos there. The Wall is about 6,700 kilometres long, and 4-5 metres wide. It‟s wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.” I‟m

　proud that I‟ve climbed the Great Wall. During the trip we also ate Beijing Duck. We really had a good time in Beijing. I hope I can visit it again some day. 课程顾问签字 ：

　教学主管签字 ：