初一英语词类语法点总结

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龙文教育一对一个性化学案

学生姓名： 学案编号 19

第一部分 上节课作业讲解、在家背记情况

第二部分 词类语法点巩固

名词：复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加 s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.

2.以 s， x， sh，ch 结尾，加 es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 es，如： family-families, hobby-hobbies.

4.以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 es，如： thief-thieves, knife-knives.

5.以 o 结尾，加 es，如： mango-mangoes.

加 s，如： radio-radios ， photo-photos.

6.不规则变化，如： man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.

7.不可数名词有 :bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice 等。(不可数名词相对应的 be 动词是 is/was)

不规则变化 :

man-men

woman-women

policeman-policemen

policewoman-policewomen

mouse-mice

child-children

foot-feet

tooth-teeth

fish-fish

people-people

Chinese-Chinese

Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-Frenchmen deer-deer

goose-geese

man teacher- men teachers

woman teacher-women teachers

apple tree-apple trees

名词所有格：

表示人或物品 所属关系 时，就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则：

1.一般情况下，在名词的末尾加 ’s构成。如： Tom’ s book

2.以 “-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加 ’。如： our teachers ’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。

如： Su Hai and Su Yang ’ s bedroom

冠词： a, an 和 the 的用法

an umbrella, an uncle, an unpleasant trip, an unusual boy, an ugly girl, an MP3

a uniform, a university, a unit, a UFO, a useful book, a European country

an hour, an honest boy

4. an “ a” ( e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x), a “ b” ( c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z)

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a one-year-old baby, an eight-year-old boy, an eleven-year-old girl

(无冠词 )Children ’ s Day, May Day, the Spring Festival

—I lost the book I bought last week.— Is it a black one?

Do you know the boy next to Mary / the man in white?

形容词 . 副词的比较级：

An elephant is (very, quite, so, too) big(原级 ).

2. A friend of mine is as heavy(原级 ) as me. He is not so/ as tall(原级 ) as her.

much+比较级 , more+原级 : He is much fatter that her. He is much more confident than her.

一些特殊的句型：

1） Jim is the taller of the two (boys).

2） Our school is much (far/ still/ even/ a lot/a little ) (比较级 ) more beautiful than yours.

3） The earlier, the better.

4） When summer comes, the weather getshotter and hotter .

5） If you do sports every day, you will become healthier and healthier .

6） Today English is becoming more and more important.

7） He is 2 kilos heavier than I am.

8） Paris is one of the liveliestciti es in the world.

.The Yellow River is the second longest iver in China.( 序数词 + 最高级 )

不规则的比较级和最高级

原级

比较级

最高级

good (好的 )

well ( 健康的 )

better

best

bad (坏的 )

ill ( 有病的 )

worse

worst

old

older

(elder)

oldest (eldest)

many much (多的 )

more

most

little ( 少的 )

less

least

far (远的 )

farther

(further)

farthest(furthest)

基数词和序数词：

1.one--first, two--second, three--third, five--fifth, nine--ninth, twelve--twelfth, twenty-twentieth, forty-one--forty-first.

序数词前一定要加 the.

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基数词变成序数词的方法：

（1）直接在基数词词尾加上 th，

如： seventh 第七， tenth 第十， thirteenth 第十三；

2）以 y 结尾的基数词，变 y 为 ie，再加上 th，如： twentieth 第二十 .

3）不规则变化， 如：first 第一 , second 第二， third 第三， fifth 第五， eighth 第八，

ninth 第九， twelfth 第十二 .

4）基数词 “几十几 ”变为序数词时， 表示 “几十 ”的基数词不变， 只把表示 “几 ”的基数词变成序数词，如 twenty-first 第二十一。

3.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的，

如： 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th。

代词 :

人称代词的五种基本形式：

形容词性

名词性

人称

单复数

主

格

宾

格

反身代词

物主代词

物主代词

第一

单

数

I

me

my

mine

myself

人称

复

数

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

第二

单

数

you

you

your

yours

yourself

人称

复

数

you

you

your

yours

yourselves

he

him

his

his

himself

第三

单

数

she

her

her

hers

herself

人称

it

it

its

its

itself

复

数

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

人称代词的基本用法：

主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后）；

e.g She lives in Toronto, Canada.

Does he speak English?

宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；

e.g Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.

I usually go to movies with her on weekends.

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形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；

e.g

This is my book. That

’ s his book.

名词性物主代词相当于一个名词词组

,之后不能带名词 （其代换的名词需在前文中出现）

；

e.g

His book is much newer than mine(= my book).

反身代词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。

e.g

She teaches herself English.

介词 :

in 的用法：

1.用在某范围或某空间内，如： in the desk

2.在一段时间内，如：



in the morning

3.以，用 方式，如：



in English

in



和 on 的区别：

树上长出来的用



on,不是树上长出来的则用



in。

in, on, at 的区别：

in, on, at



都可以用来放在时间前面，但是



in



后面一般是



morning ， afternoon，

evening,月份



.年份



.季节或者指某一段时间内；



on



用在具体某一天，如：



on Sunday

morning； at 一般用在某个假期期间（不是指具体的某一天），它还可以用在具体的时

间，如： at Spring Festival, at five o ’clock.

小学英语教材中出现的介词有：

in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around,

nearby 等。

课堂练习：

1.写出下列名词的复数形式

zoo__________sheep __________thief __________woman__________

mouse__________ box __________peach__________ boy __________

family__________photo__________foot__________leaf__________

German__________goose__________dress_________sandwich_________

strawberry__________tomato__________potato__________tooth _________

Englishman __________child __________deer__________

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2.单复数相互转换 ,每空一词（含缩写）。

1. The woman is a nurse.（改为复数句）

The ______ ______ ______ .

2. There are some old cars behind the house（.改为单数句）

There______ ______old ______ behind the house.

3. He has a new book.（改为复数句）

______ ______new ______.

4.Is there a sheep on the hill?（改为复数句）

_____ there ______ ______ on the hill?

(

)1.This bag isn

’ t mine, it

’ s _______, I think.

A.Mary

B.Mays

C.Mary’s

(

)2.How many__________ are there in the zoo?

A.sheep

B.monkey

C.fish

(

)3.Children ’ s Day is in_______.

A.June

B.July

C.May

(

)4.Two____and three _____will come to visit our school tomorrow .

A. Americans,Japaneses

B. Americans,Japanese C. American,Japanese

(

) 5.--What are they? --They are _____.

A. nurse

B. nurses

C. a nurse

(

) 6.There aren

’t books on the table.

A.some

B. any

C. a

代词

一.用括号中所给代词的正确形式填空。

1.Who can help _____ (she) to carry the box?

2.Mum, we are very hungry. Give _____ (we) some bread, please.

3.Open the door for_____ (I), please.

4.Today is ___ (she) birthday of 6. David got a computer from __ (he) parents.

5.This is your classroom. ____ (we) classroom is next to the teachers

’ office.

6.My uncle has a daughter. He loves _____ (she) very much.

7.Tommy has a cute cat. _____ (it) name is Ketty.

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8.-- I like collecting coins very much. -- ____ (I) too.

9.-- Whose books are these? --They’ re _____ (they) books, I think.

10.-- Is that man _____ (you) father? –Yes, ______ (he) is.

形容词副词比较级最高级

根据句意填入适当的词 :

1.Mike is 45kg, I am 45kg. So I am _____ heavy _____ Mike.

2.Which monkey is _________ ________, the yellow one, black one or little one? (strong)

3.Who is ______, your father or mother? (thin)

4.Summer is the _______ (hot) season in a year.

5.Beef is ______ _______ (delicious) than pork.

(

)6.The killer whale is heavy. The sperm whale is _______, too.

A.the thinnest

B.heavy

C.heavier

(

)7.Mike is _______ than all his classmates.

A. the thinnest

B.thiner

C.thinner

(

)8.The house is________ cheaper than the one we saw yesterday.

A.more

B. much

C. many

(

)9.I think rose is_______________ than that one.

A.many more

B.more much C.much more

(

)10.The story is _____and _______ than that one .

A.shorter, funnier

B. short,funnier

C. long, funnier

(

)11.Alice was ill last week, but she becomes ______ and ______ now.

A.gooder, better

B. good, better

C. better, better

(

)12.He is ____ tallest _____ the three.

A. the; of

B. \; of

C. the; on

D. \; in

(

)13.Which is_________, an elephant or a shark?

A.big

B.biger

C.bigger

(

) 14.The smile on the boy

’ s face showed that he was_______.

A.sad

B.angry

C.excited

(

)15. Jack studies English very_______.

A .good

B

hard

C .careful.

冠词

(

) 1.What are you going to do

Christmas Eve?.

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A. on

B. in

C. at

(

)2.There is _____

“ s” in the word

“ is ”.

A. a

B. an

C. the

(

)3.Mother ’ s Day

May

A. in the

B. in

C. is in

(

)4.There is

“ f ” in the word

“ friend

” .Tom isfriend of mine.There is

_______“ u” in the word

“ umbrella

”umbrella. is behind the door.

A.a,a,an,An

B. an,a,an,An

C. an, a,a,An

(

)5.I have got

MP4 player.

A . a

B. an

C. the

(

) 6. By

way,can you tell me how to go to the library?

A. a

B. an

C.the

D. /

数词

(

)1.Children

’ sDay is in the

(six)month of a year.

(

)2.Jack is my

English teacher.

A.

three

B. the third

C. third

(

)3Mr Green is my

English teacher .

A one

B the first

C

first

(

)4.I am in _______.

A. Class 5

B. 5Class

C. Class 5th

(

)5._______people visit our school .

A. Hundred of

B. Hundreds of

C.Seven hundreds D. Seven hundreds of

(

) 6 There are _______ months in a year.

A. twelve

B. twelfth

C. Thirteen

D. twelfths

介词 /连词

(

) 1.Mother ’ s Day

May

A.

in the

B. in

C. is in

(

)2.What do you do

Monday morning?

A.on

B.in

C. at

(

)3.What are you going to do

Christmas Eve?

A

on

B

in

Cat

(

)4.I like hamburgers

French fries , but I don

’ t like fruitvegetables.

A.and ,or

B.or,and

C.and,but

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(



)5. She has a

A. four years old



son.

B. four-years-old



C. four-year-old

Tom doesn ’ t wake up night. She likes travelling air.

I bought a pen that shop. Zhang Peng is sleeping his bedroom.

Can you see some apples the tree. Lily is duty today.

There is a supermarket my home. I like travelling and I want to go the world.

Count



one



ten.



What’ s the time ?



It



’ s half



ten.

I am a schoolboy. I have lessons from Monday to Friday. On Sunday morning, I usually get up very late. I wash my face and then go out to do morning exercises. It is about nine o'clock. After I eat my breakfast. I often go to the park with my parents. The park is not far ( 远) from our home, so we go there by bike. It takes us about ten minutes to get there by bike. There are many people in the park. They are men and women, old and young. Parents must look after their children. There is a big lake in the middle of the park. Some children are swimming, some are boating with their parents. I like boating very much. I want to boat, too. My parents buy three tickets. We have a good time there. How happy we are!

( )1.I have lessons ______days a week.

A． four B．five C．six D．seven

( )2.I often ______ on Sundays.

A．go to school B．get up early C．get up late D．go to bed late

( )3.On Sundays, there are _______ people in the park.

A． much B． very much C．a little D．lots of

( )4.I like ______ very much.

A．playing basketball B．boats C．swimming D．boating

( )5.I'm boating in the park with my ______.

A．good friends B． father and mother

C．classmates D．teacher