英语第一周学习计划

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《英语》第一周学习计划

第一部分 词汇背诵

1. stable ['steib(?)l] adj. 稳定的

Prices remain stable.

价格保持稳定。

2. deserve[ di'z?:v ] HYPERLINK vi&vt. 应受; 应得

Government officials deserve the blame.

政府官员们应受到谴责。

3. unemployment [?nim'pl?im?nt]n. 失业；失业率；失业人数

We are battling against unemployment.

我们正与失业做斗争。

fortunate ['f?:tn?t] adj. 幸运的；侥幸的；吉祥的；带来幸运的

He was extremely fortunate to survive.

他极为幸运地活了下来。

description[di'skrip?(?)n] n.描述

The paper provided a detailed description of how to solve the problem of this kind.

这篇论文对如何解决这类问题提供了详细的描述。

consequence ['k?nsikw(?)ns] n. 结果；重要性；推论

she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.

她明白自己行为的后果并准备去坐牢。

escape [i'skeip] vi&vt. 逃跑；逃避；避开

They successfully escaped from the jail.

他们成功越狱。

valid ['v?lid] adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的

All tickets are valid for two months.

所有的票在两个月内有效。

bond [b?nd] n. 结合；粘合剂 vi&vt.结合，团结在一起

There is a strong bond between church and nation.

这个国家教会与国家紧密联系。

mixture['mikst] n. 混合物

It's a mixture of water, sugar and salt.

它是水、糖和盐的混合物。

owe [?u]vt. 欠

He owes me money.

他欠我钱。

12. desire [di'zai?] n. 欲望；要求，心愿；vi&vt. 渴望；希望得到

She desired a child with her new husband.

她非常想和现任丈夫生个孩子。

visual ['vi?jl] adj. 视觉的，视力的

The visual ability of this animal is very strong.

这种动物的视觉能力很强。

submit [s?b'mit] vi&vt. 提交；服从

He submitted his proposal to his boss.

他向老板提交了他的建议。

edition [i'di?(?)n] n. 版本

The second edition was published in Canada.

第2版已在加拿大出版。

16. combine [k?m'bain] vi&vt. 使联合，使结合

Combine the flour with 3 tablespoons of water to make a paste.

把面粉和3大汤匙的水混合起来做成一个面团。

considerate [k?n'sid(?)r?t] adj. 体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的

I think he’s the most charming, most considerate man I've ever known.

我觉得他是我所认识的最有魅力、最体贴的男士。

arise [?'raiz] vi. 出现；上升；起立

A problem arose when the plane was landing.

飞机在降落时出问题了。

contrary ['k?ntr?ri] adj. 相反的；对立的 n.相反，反面

On the contrary, they did really well.

相反，他们做的很好！

fit [fit] vi&vt. 符合；合身；使……合身；adj. 健康的；合适的；

The trousers fit me.

这条裤子穿着合适。

You need do exercise to keep fit.

你需要锻炼身体保持健康。

operate ['?p?reit] vt. 做手术；操作

Surgeons operated on Jane for breast cancer.

外科医生们为简做了乳腺癌手术。

He is quick in learning to operate the machine.

他学习操作这台机器很快。

22. criminal ['krimin(?)l] n. 罪犯 adj. 刑事的；犯罪的；罪恶的

A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals.

一伙持枪歹徒袭击了一所监狱并放走了9名罪犯。

Her husband faces various criminal charges.

她丈夫面临多项刑事指控。

attack [?'t?k] n&vt&vi. 攻击；抨击

They found least defended area and attacked.

他们找到了防守最薄弱的地区发起了进攻。

100 people were killed when the plane attacked the city.

飞机攻击这个城市造成100人死亡。

senior [ 'si:nj?] adj. 高级的；年长的；年资较深的 n. 上司；较年长者；毕业班学生

Senior officials were actually poorly paid.

高级官员实际上薪水很低。

confidential [k?nfi'den?(?)l] adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的

The information is confidential, so please do not tell anyone.

这消息是保密的，所以请不要告诉任何人。

26. folk [f?uk] adj. 民间的

Folk stories are very popular in these regions.

这个地区民间故事很流行。

beneath [bi'ni:θ] prep.在下面

Four levels of parking beneath the theatre was not enough.

剧院底下的四层停车库还不够。

28. trap [tr?p] n. 陷阱；圈套；vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境

He used some cheese to trap the rat.

他用了些乳酪诱捕耗子。

container [k?n'tein?] n.容器

Get some water with a container.

用某种容器打点水来。

credit ['kredit] n. 信用，信誉； vt. 相信，信任；归功于

The group can't get credit to buy farming machinery.

该集团无法以赊购方式购买农业机械。

frighten['frait(?)n] vt. 使惊恐

Though he was trying to frighten her, she appeared calm.

虽然他想吓唬她，但她看起来很镇静。

bravery ['breiv(?)ri] n. 勇气

He deserves the highest praise for his bravery.

他为其勇敢应该得到至高的赞扬。

conduct ['k?nd?kt] vt. 做，实施，导（电、热）

I decided to conduct an experiment.

我决定做一项实验。

Water conducts heat faster than air.

水比空气导热快。

reservation [rez?'vei?(?)n] n.预定

He went to the desk to inquire and make a reservation.

他到前台去咨询并做了预订。

grateful['greitf(?)l] adj. 感激的

I am still grateful for what he has done for me.

对他为我做的我仍心怀感激。

realize ['ri:?laiz] vt 意识到；认识到；实现

It is hard to realize how much effort it will take to finish this task.

我们很难意识到要完成这个任务要花多大的努力。

37. advertisement [?d'v?:tizm(?)nt] n. 广告

Don't trust anything said in an advertisement.

不要相信广告里的任何信息。

level ['lev(?)l] n. 水平；级别

Sea level is higher in this area.

这个地区的海平面要高一些。

store [st?:] vt. 贮存；储存 n.商店

At the street corner lies a grocery store.

街角有家杂货店。

Where in the brain do we store information about colours?

我们在大脑的哪个地方存储有关颜色的信息？

40. temporary ['temp(?)r?ri] adj. 暂时的，临时的 n. 临时工，临时雇员

Temporary difficulty is nothing to fear.

暂时的困难不足为惧。

robot ['r?ub?t] n.机器人

Robot can not completely replace the labor of human.

机器人不能完全代替人类的劳动。

lift [lift] vt. 举起；提升；n. 电梯；

When he finished he lifted his eyes and looked out the window.

他完成以后抬眼向窗外看去。

We took the lift to the fourteenth floor.

我们乘电梯到了第12层。

majority [m?'driti]n. 大多数

The majority of my patients agree the plan.

我的多数病人同意这个计划。

44. tend [tend] vi. 倾向于; 往往会

Beginners tend to be afraid of reading long paragraphs.

初学者往往畏惧阅读长段落。

create [kri:'eit] vi&vt. 创造

Everything was created by his own hands without others' help.

一切都是他靠双手赚来的，没有其他人的帮助。

harvest ['hɑ:vist] vt&n. 收获

Grain harvest is at the beginning.

谷物收割才刚开始。

carbon ['kɑ:b(?)n] n. 碳

People should lead a low-carbon life.

人们应该低碳生活。

event [i'vent] n. 重大事件

He will not miss any major sporting event.

他不会错过任何重大体育赛事。

reward [ri'w?:d] n. 报酬，回报

Parents never ask for rewards for what they have done.

父母付出从不图回报。

disease.[di'zi:z] n. 疾病

This drug stopped the rapid spread of this disease.

这药阻止了疾病的快速传播。

第二部分 语法学习

名词与冠词

名词

英语名词与汉语不同，有可数名词与不可数名词之分。可数名词（可以数的过来的名词，如：苹果apple）有复数形式，表示超过一个的概念，最常见的是名词复数是在名词后加s。

若以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 –es，如：bus-buses，watch-watches

若以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es， 如：baby-babies

若以f或fe结尾，去掉f或fe加ves，如：half-halves

一半请把以下单词的复数形式记下来，并熟练复数名词的变化方法：

day-days, dog-dogs, house-houses, coast-coasts （海岸）, university-universities（大学）, worker-workers, letter-letters

brush- brushes, church-churches，kiss-kisses，box-boxes, peach-peaches（桃子）

city-cities, country-countries, study-studies, fly-flies（苍蝇）, family-families

hero-heroes, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, Negro-Negroes (黑人)（以o结尾的要特别识记）

bamboo-bamboos, radio-radios, zoo-zoos, photo-photos, piano-pianos （以o结尾的要特别识记）

Calf-calves小牛 knife-knives刀 leaf-leaves叶子 life-lives生命 loaf-loaves（面包条）self-selves自身 sheaf-sheaves捆 shelf-shelves架子 thief-thieves贼 wife-wives妻子 wolf-wolves狼

有些名词单复数一样，要注意识记：

Chinese-Chinese中国人 deer-deer鹿 German-German 德国人 sheep-sheep 羊 Japanese-Japanese 日本人 means-means 方法 Swiss-Swiss 瑞士人 series-series 系列

还有些名词变复数属于特殊情况，请识记：

foot-feet，goose-geese（鹅），tooth-teeth，child-children，woman-women，man-men，mouse-mice（老鼠）

不可数名词，一般情况没有复数形式（特殊情况请在之后的学习中慢慢积累），请背诵以下单词，一方面识记单词，另一方面关注其不可数的概念：

advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic, absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, water, wealth, weather, wind, work, honor, death, danger, success, comfort, surprise, worry, beauty, wonder, envy, shock, shame, regret, joy

若表示英语名词的所有格，需用（有生命的事物的所有格）或of（无生命的事物的所有格）表示，相当于汉语的汉字“的”。当然，选用’s还是of的表达，也不是完全按照有没有生命来划分，有特殊情况，以后慢慢积累。

请识记以下名词所有格的表示方法，熟练其规则，并体会有生命的与无生命的所有格的区别：

Jim’s room（Jim是有生命的）

the windows of the house （房间是无生命的）

the workers’ struggle 工人的斗争（注意，名词本身已经以s结尾，则加’就可以了）

the teachers’ reading-room 教员阅览室

the picture of the family 家庭照片（家庭是无生命的）

当然，有些在表示名词所有格时，’s结构可以转换成of结构。

the girl’s name

→the name of the girl

女孩的名字

my father’s friend

→the friend of my father

我父亲的朋友

有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格。

Beijing’s street 北京的街道

Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸

ten minutes’ walk 十分钟的路程（别忘了：名词本身已经以s结尾，则加'就可以了）

冠词

冠词作为一种虚词，在英语中只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。

1. 不定冠词的用法

不定冠词有两个：a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面；an用于以元音开头的单词前。如：a book, an apple。

1） 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”。如：

There is a policeman at the door.

门口有个警察。

2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“任何，每个”。如：

A car must be insured.

汽车一定要上保险。

A soldier must obey orders.

军人必须服从命令。

3) 不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。如：

There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.

房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。

我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。

4） 定冠词用在价格、速度、比率等短语中。如：

six kilometers an hour 每小时60公里

3 times a day 每天三次

5）不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。如：

have a try试一下 take a break 休息一下 have a good time 玩得痛快

make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a word 总而言之

2. 定冠词的用法

1） 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。如：

Mother carved the meat into slices.

妈妈把肉切成了片。

2） 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。如：

I got a letter yesterday. The letter was sent by e-mail.

我昨天接到了一封信。那信是电子邮件。

3） 定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层。如：

the Chinese 中国人 the rich 富人 the old老年人

the dead 死者 the deaf 聋人

4） 定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。如：

Please close the door.

请把门关上。

5） 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

the sun 太阳 the earth 地球 the world世界

6） 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序，定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。如：

the third group 第三组 the most interesting book 最有趣的书

7）定冠词在play后和乐器连用

play the piano弹钢琴 play the flute吹长笛

8）定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。如：

The Blacks came to China in 1994.

布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。

9）定冠词的其他用法

the Changjiang River长江 the Red Sea 红海 （用于表示江河海洋的名词前）

the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡 the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾 （用于表示海峡海湾的名词前）

the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 （用于山脉沙漠的名词前）

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国（用于国家名称）

the National Gallery国家美术馆 the Military Museum 军事博物馆(用于公共建筑名前)

the State Council国务院 the Senate参议院 the House of Representatives 众议院 （用于机关、团体名词前）

the Geneva Agreement日内瓦协议 the Washington Post 华盛顿邮报 (用于报刊、条约之前)

3. 不用冠词的情况

1）表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如：

play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋

2）在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。如：

have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

3）交通工具名词前不用冠词

by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船

by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行

在一些地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hospital, home, work等。

go home回家 go to school去上学 go to church去教堂祈祷

in hospital住院 go to work上班

注：如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如：

He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.

他来学校和校长谈话。

He went to the church to see the carvings.

他去教堂看雕刻。

His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.

他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。

4. 泛指概念的四种表达方式

1）不带the 的不可数名词可以表示泛指。

I like music.

我喜欢音乐。

2）不带the 的复数可数名词表示泛指。

Bananas are yellow.

香蕉是黄色的。

3）“the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。

The elephant is the largest land mammal.

大象是陆地上最大的哺乳动物。

4）“不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词” 可以表示泛指。

A horse is a useful animal.

马是有用的动物。

第三部分 本周习题

The_______ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _______car.

girl's; Tom's 　　B.girls';Toms' 　　C.girls';Tom's 　　D.girl's;Toms'

2.The largest landmass is usually divided into two "continents" along______Ural Mountains.

A.不填 　　B.the 　　C.a 　　D.an

3.Studying in a foreign country is a different ______, and you can learn a lot from it.

event 　　B.exercise 　　C.experience 　　D.experiment

4.This tree has green ________ throughout the year.

A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves

5.There's _________ umbrella behind the door.

A. the B. / C. a D. an

6.This is an old photo of mine when I ________.

A. have short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had short hair

7. — “What _________ do you like best?”

— “Football.”

A. food B. subject C. sport D. music

8.The little baby has two ________ already.

A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths

9._____elephant is bigger than________ horse

A.不填; 不填 　　B.An; an　　C.An; a　　D.The; a

10.China was the earliest ________ center for ________.

A. research's; agriculture B. research; agriculture

C. research's; agricultures D. researches; agricultures

11.Let's go and watch the children play______chess.

A.a 　　B.an 　　C.the 　　D.不填

12.We did_______experiment last week. It was _______useful one.

A.the; the　 B.an; a　C.an; the　D.the; an

13.They went to_______Summer Palace yesterday and stayed there for_______day.

A.the; a 　　B.the; the 　　C.不填; a 　　D.the; 不填

14. — What would you like to drink, my dear friends?

— _______, please.

A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees

C. Two cup of coffees D. Two cups of coffee

—How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?

— _________.

A. In five day's time B. In five days' time

C. In five days time D. For five days

16. These people want to have some ________for supper, so they decided to catch________now.

A. fish; many B. fishes; much

C. fish; much D. fishes; too much

17.______sun rises in _______east.

A.The; the　B.The; 不填 C.A; the　D.不填; 不填

18.On the moon it's too hot in________day and too cold at________night.

A.the; 不填 　　B.the; the　　C.a; the　　　D.a; 不填

19.Have you seen such big ________?

A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos

20.Mr. Read patted him on________shoulder.

A.a 　　B.an 　　C.the 　　D.不填

21.Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.

A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheep's D. the sheep

22. — Tom, can you help me find a new job?

— Yes. Three ________ are needed in our school. Would you like to have a try?

A. men teacher B. men teachers

C. man teachers D. man teacher

23. Writing compositions in English is not ________.

A. easy job B. an easy work C. an easy job D. the easy work

24.Is Tom going to have_______X-ray check?

A.a 　　B.an 　　C.the 　　D.不填

25. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.

A. the; the B. the; 不填

C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the

26. At last the little boy came up with a(an) _______ to help the poor man.

A. information B. advice C. idea D. news

27.May I have _______look at the book?

A.a 　　B.an 　　C.the 　　D.不填

28.It's________pity you won't be back before I leave.

A.the 　　B.a 　　C.an 　　D.不填

29. Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?

A. advice; man B. advices; men

C. suggestion; man D. suggestions; men

30.Europe and America are separated by_______ Atlantic Ocean.

A. 不填 　　B. the 　　C.a 　　D.an